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翻訳と辞書　辞書検索 [ 開発暫定版 ] スポンサード リンク Loans and interest in Judaism ： ウィキペディア英語版 Loans and interest in Judaism The combination of loans and interest, in Judaism, is a complicated and detailed subject. The biblical Hebrew terms for interest are ''neshekh'' ((ヘブライ語:נשך)), literally meaning ''a bite'', and ''marbit/tarbit'' (), which specifically refers to the gain by the creditor;〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.jewishencyclopedia.com/articles/14615-usury )〕 ''neshekh'' referred to interest that was charged by deducting it from the loaned money itself, before the loaned money was handed over to the debtor, while ''marbit''/''tarbit'' referred to interest that was charged by adding it to the amount due to be repaid.〔''Peake's commentary on the Bible''〕 The word ''marbit/tarbit'', which referred to the form of interest more familiar in modern times, became ''ribbit'' (), in later Hebrew, and hence in modern Hebrew. Similar to the Arabic word ''Riba'' used in the Quran. The Torah and Talmud encourage the granting of loans if they do not involve interest. But the halakhah (Jewish law ) regarding free loans apply only to loans made to other Jews. It is permissible to make loans with interest to non-Jews. Charging interest is classed in the Book of Ezekiel as being among the worst sins,〔, 〕 and is forbidden according to Jewish law. The Talmud dwells particularly on Ezekiel's condemnation of interest,〔''Baba Metzia'' 61b〕 where Ezekiel denounces it as an abomination, and metaphorically portrays usurers as people who have shed blood. ==In the Bible== The Torah expresses regulations against the charging of interest in the , and . In Leviticus loans themselves are encouraged, whether of money or food, emphasizing that they enable the poor to regain their independence. Like the other two places in the Bible, the charging of interest on the loan is forbidden.〔 Evidently the concept of secured loans existed, as Exodus expressly prohibits using a particular ''garment'' as the security. The garment in question was a large cloth square, which the poor used for sleeping within, and so the garment was needed to survive the cold nights;〔 if it had been offered as security, this would have put at risk the very life of the debtor. The Deuteronomic verse expresses a similar concern for the security of the debtor's life but rather than prohibiting a particular ''garment'' from becoming the security for a loan, it prohibits instead the use of a millstone. The millstone was used to make flour, and hence would be required for the manufacture of bread, a staple food among the poor; if the millstone had been offered as security, the debtor would have been at risk of starvation. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Loans and interest in Judaism」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク 翻訳と辞書 : 翻訳のためのインターネットリソース Copyright(C) kotoba.ne.jp 1997-2016. All Rights Reserved.